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Population & Migration

How many Canadians, where they live, and where new arrivals come from. Demographics, immigration, births and deaths.

76,419 people added by Alberta in the 12 months to July 1, 2026, more than Ontario's 45,160, beside a photo of the Calgary skyline and Calgary Tower
Population & Migration · Explainer · 5 min

Alberta Added More People Than Ontario This Year. That Hasn't Happened Since 1981.

Canada had 41,798,407 people on July 1, 2026. The country grew by 0.46% over the year, its slowest growth since Statistics Canada's quarterly series began in 1946, and Alberta added 76,419 people while Ontario added 45,160.

September 2026 · Statistics Canada table 17-10-0009-01
+301,008 people added to Canada's April 1, 2026 population estimate, over bars showing each quarter's revision from July 2023 to April 2026: down through mid-2025, up since
Population & Migration · Data Revision · 4 min

Canada's Population Decline Vanished After a 301,008-Person Revision

Three months ago, Statistics Canada's preliminary estimates showed Canada's population falling for three straight quarters. Today's revision adds 301,008 people to the April estimate, turning that apparent decline into a brief pause. Canada's population reached a record 41.8 million on July 1.

September 2026 · Statistics Canada tables 17-10-0009, 17-10-0040, 17-10-0059, 17-10-0121
Ukrainian refugees bundled in winter coats and blankets wait in line at the Medyka border crossing from Ukraine to Poland, March 2022.
Population · 6 min

89% of Ukrainians who came under CUAET are still in Canada — and 61% of Ukrainian newcomers aren't planning to go back

Two 2025 surveys of Ukrainians in Canada point the same way, most aren't leaving. The one dedicated path to permanent residence closed in 2024. Temporary status keeps getting extended, but four years after the program launched as a temporary "safe haven," no broad path to stay permanently has replaced it.

September 2026 · CUIAS Immigrant Services, UCC/Canada-Ukraine Foundation, IRCC
Dumbbell chart comparing Canada, the OECD average, and top scorers in science, reading, and math.
Article · Education · 5 min read

Canada's science scores hit a record low in PISA 2025

Canadian 15-year-olds scored above the OECD average in science, reading, and math on the 2025 Programme for International Student Assessment, but science, the assessment's focus this cycle, fell to its lowest recorded level since testing began in 2006, and reading and math are down sharply too. Provincial results vary by as much as 51 points depending on subject.

September 2026 · CMEC / OECD PISA 2025
A cook works at the flaming range of a commercial restaurant kitchen in Canada.
Population & Migration · 6 min · Investigation

Canada TFW: How a Low-Wage Hiring Ban Pushed Restaurant Managers Into the High-Wage Stream

When Ottawa banned low-wage foreign-worker hiring in struggling cities in September 2024, approvals for low-wage restaurant managers collapsed. The same job reappeared in the high-wage stream, which the ban does not cover.

June 2026 · ESDC Labour Market Impact Assessment data
Line chart showing non-permanent resident departures far exceeding emigrants, 2024-2025
Population · 6 min · Follow-up

Canadians aren't leaving in record numbers

A viral headline says 120,640 people emigrated in 2025, a record. They did. But as a share of the population the rate barely moved — and the real exodus is nearly a million temporary residents leaving as their permits expire.

June 2026 · Statistics Canada
A Tim Hortons storefront in Tottenham, Ontario, with the chain's iconic red signage on the corner of a small brick building and a Ford pickup truck parked at the curb.
Featured · Labour · 6 min

Canada blamed Tim Hortons. McDonald's hired more foreign workers — and stayed quiet.

Tim Hortons said this morning it will cut Temporary Foreign Workers and hire 10,000 Canadians instead. The chain's full franchise network — every "12345 Ontario Inc o/a Tim Hortons" plus the two big franchisee groups whose corporate names don't carry the brand — has 747 LMIA-approved positions for 2024-2025. Roll up McDonald's the same way and you get 907. The chain making headlines about foreign-worker cuts isn't even Canada's biggest fast-food user of the program.

May 2026 · ESDC LMIA Positive Employer data
Aerial view of the Toronto skyline over Lake Ontario — the largest of the metropolitan areas the 2026 Census will recount
Population · 7 min

Canada's 2026 Census is being collected now — here's when each result lands, and what's worth watching

The fieldwork started in May. Statistics Canada hasn't published its 2026 release calendar yet, but the 2021 cycle gives a tight template — first headline counts about nine months after census day, full picture about eighteen. Ten things the new data is set up to settle.

May 2026 · Statistics Canada release notes
A row of Victorian-era Toronto row houses on a residential street — typical of the housing stock that has become unaffordable for millennials and Generation X buyers
Population · 6 min

Canadian millennials are twice as likely to live with their parents as boomers were

16.3 percent of millennials aged 25 to 39 lived with at least one parent in 2021. Boomers at the same age in 1991 — 8.2 percent. The rate has roughly doubled, and the figure is from the last census, before mortgage rates and rents climbed further.

May 2026 · StatCan 46-28-0001
Heatmap of Express Entry draws by category and month from January 2024 through April 2026 — top six rows show data, bottom five rows are mostly empty
Population · 7 min

Three categories did 86% of Express Entry's 2025 invitations. Three more were dormant. One has never drawn.

Canada lists seven federal "priority" categories on its Express Entry page. In 2025, French, CEC, and Healthcare did 86,350 of the 113,998 invitations issued. STEM hasn't drawn since April 2024. Agriculture has never drawn at all.

May 2026 · IRCC Express Entry rounds
Scatter plot of Canadian Express Entry draws 2024-2026 showing French-speaker draws cluster around CRS 422 and Canadian Experience Class draws cluster around CRS 529
Population · 8 min

Canada will pay 107 CRS points for a French speaker

A French-speaking Express Entry candidate gets accepted at a score 107 points lower than an otherwise-equivalent candidate. The gap is the policy, and almost nobody is talking about it.

May 2026 · IRCC Express Entry rounds
Bar chart showing new international college entries collapsing from 136,148 to 33,960 between 2023/24 and 2025/26
Population · 9 min

When Canada closed the side door to permanent residency, 100,000 'students' vanished

New first-time international college entries fell 75 percent in two years. Universities fell 46 percent. The gap is the story.

May 2026 · Statistics Canada 81-595-M2026001
Bar chart of Canadian permanent resident admissions by stream — 2025 plan, 2025 actual, 2026 plan — showing PNP exceeded its 2025 cap by 30,000 and 2026 cuts further into Family and Refugee streams
Population · 6 min

How Canadian provinces took control of immigration policy — and what got cut along the way

Ottawa called the 2026 Provincial Nominee expansion "historic." Provinces had already overshot their 2025 cap by 30,000 admissions. The 2026 plan formalizes it — and cuts family reunification, refugees, and federal merit selection to keep the total flat.

May 2026 · IRCC Levels Plans + IRCC Open Data
India's share of Canadian PR admissions 1985-2025
Population · 10 min

1 in 4 — how India became Canada's dominant immigration source

From 5 % of PR admissions in 1990 to a 31.5 % peak in 2021. Holding at 25 % even as the total falls. Four mechanisms explain the shift, including Express Entry's 2015 launch.

May 2026 · StatCan + IRCC
Three Canadian immigration streams declining 2024-2026
Population · 11 min

The boom is over — every immigration stream is now declining

Study permits −47 %. PR admissions −24 %. TFW work permits −9 %. The October 2024 cap is hitting its target faster than the announced trajectory required.

May 2026 · IRCC Open Data